Photography made mainly as artistic expression, to be shown in galleries, museums and books, rather than for commercial or news purposes.

Photography of natural or man-made outdoor spaces, such as mountains, coasts, forests, fields and cities. It often aims to show the beauty or character of a place.

Photography that shows a person or a group, with the aim of capturing their appearance, character or mood. Portraits can be posed in a studio or made on location.

Photographs of people taken without posing, often without the subjects noticing the camera. The aim is natural expressions and real moments.

A person who selects, orders and commissions photographs for a magazine, newspaper, agency, website or book. It is also called a picture editor.

A group of photographs, usually with text, that tells a story or explores a subject in depth. The pictures are arranged in a planned order.

A small, self-published magazine or booklet, usually made in a short print run and at low cost. The word comes from fanzine.

A book dedicated to the work of one photographer. It may show one project or an overview of a whole career.

Choosing the order of photographs in a photobook, exhibition or photo essay. The sequence decides how the pictures speak to each other and what story or feeling they create together.

A Japanese camera maker founded in 1940. It is best known for medium format cameras for professionals.

A twin-lens reflex camera made by the German company Franke and Heidecke, later Rollei, in Braunschweig. The first Rolleiflex appeared in 1929.

An American company founded by George Eastman in Rochester, New York. Its first camera, the Kodak of 1888, came loaded with film for 100 pictures and was sent back to the factory for processing. Its slogan was "You press the button, we do the rest."

A Swedish camera maker from Gothenburg, founded by Victor Hasselblad. The first Hasselblad consumer camera, the 1600F, was introduced in 1948.

A German camera brand from Wetzlar. Oskar Barnack built a small camera for 35 mm cinema film at the company Ernst Leitz, and the Leica I went on sale in 1925.

The Museum of Modern Art in New York, founded in 1929. In 1940 it became one of the first art museums to create a department of photography, with Beaumont Newhall as its first curator.

A museum and school of photography in New York, founded in 1974 by Cornell Capa, brother of Robert Capa. It is often shortened to ICP.

An American magazine that became the leading photo magazine of the 20th century. Henry Luce relaunched Life as a weekly picture magazine in November 1936. The first cover showed a photograph of Fort Peck Dam by Margaret Bourke-White.

An international art fair for photography, held every November in Paris since 1997. It mostly takes place at the Grand Palais.

An annual photography festival in Arles, in the south of France. It was founded in 1970 by photographer Lucien Clergue, historian Jean-Maurice Rouquette and writer Michel Tournier.

An annual prize for contemporary photography, organized by The Photographers' Gallery in London. Its full name today is the Deutsche Börse Photography Foundation Prize.