Predictive autofocus is a type of continuous autofocus that tracks a moving subject and calculates where it will be at the moment of exposure. There is a short delay between pressing the shutter button and the actual exposure. In that time, a moving subject can move out of focus.
The camera measures the subject's speed and direction and adjusts focus in advance. This helps keep fast subjects sharp, such as athletes, cars or birds in flight.
Do you have a better definition? Share it in the comments.