In studio photography, an umbrella is a light modifier used with a flash or other lamp. It spreads the light over a larger area, which gives softer light, gentler shadows and more even lighting on the subject.
There are two main types. A shoot-through umbrella is made of white translucent fabric. It is placed between the light and the subject, and the light passes through it. A reflective umbrella is usually black on the outside with a silver or white lining. The light is pointed into it and bounces back onto the subject.
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