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AF


Autofocus is a function that was initially introduced on cameras in the late 1970s. It is a function in which the lens is changed automatically to bring a predetermined region of the image into fine focus. The term "autofocus" stands for this function. Many contemporary lenses designed for digital SLR cameras come equipped with autofocus (AF), which can be accomplished by utilizing one or more sensors and a motor that are either built into the lens itself or into the body of the camera.

Autofocus is a function that was initially introduced on cameras in the late 1970s. It is a function in which the lens is changed automatically to bring a predetermined region of the image into fine focus. The term "autofocus" stands for this function. Many contemporary lenses designed for digital SLR cameras come equipped with autofocus (AF), which can be accomplished by utilizing one or more sensors and a motor that are either built into the lens itself or into the body of the camera.


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AEL

Automatic exposure lock. This is a push-button control that enables you to select the portion of the scene from which the camera receives its meter reading. After making your selection, you can lock this setting in place while the image is re-framed for better composition. Additionally, the button can be used to focus the camera.

Automatic exposure lock. This is a push-button control that enables you to select the portion of the scene from which the camera receives its meter reading. After making your selection, you can lock this setting in place while the image is re-framed for better composition. Additionally, the button can be used to focus the camera.


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AE

A shortened form of the phrase "automatic exposure." Typically, a TTL (through-the-lens) exposure meter is used in conjunction with this camera feature in order to enable the user to determine the shutter speed and aperture settings for an image.

A shortened form of the phrase "automatic exposure." Typically, a TTL (through-the-lens) exposure meter is used in conjunction with this camera feature in order to enable the user to determine the shutter speed and aperture settings for an image.


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Adjustment layer


This is a layer that does not contain any actual image content but rather an image correction or effect. Adjustment layers, which function similarly to a red cellophane overlay on a print, will change the appearance of layers underneath them without actually affecting the content of those levels. As a result, adjustment layers are an essential component of reversible, "non-destructive" editing. At any point in time, the adjustment may be changed, buried, or eliminated entirely. When you add an adjustment layer to a picture, a mask is also automatically created. This allows the effect to be applied to some parts of the image to a lesser amount (or not at all), depending on the settings of the mask.

This is a layer that does not contain any actual image content but rather an image correction or effect. Adjustment layers, which function similarly to a red cellophane overlay on a print, will change the appearance of layers underneath them without actually affecting the content of those levels. As a result, adjustment layers are an essential component of reversible, "non-destructive" editing. At any point in time, the adjustment may be changed, buried, or eliminated entirely. When you add an adjustment layer to a picture, a mask is also automatically created. This allows the effect to be applied to some parts of the image to a lesser amount (or not at all), depending on the settings of the mask.


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Abstract 

This is a phrase used in photography to describe photographs that, rather than providing a simple picture of the topic being photographed, focus on elements of the subject such as the subject's shape, form, color, or texture.

This is a phrase used in photography to describe photographs that, rather than providing a simple picture of the topic being photographed, focus on elements of the subject such as the subject's shape, form, color, or texture.


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360 camera

A camera that has two fisheye lenses that each have an angle of view of more than 180 degrees and are placed back to back on the camera so that the user can capture a full 360-degree image of the world around the camera.

A camera that has two fisheye lenses that each have an angle of view of more than 180 degrees and are placed back to back on the camera so that the user can capture a full 360-degree image of the world around the camera.


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Yellow filter

Yellow filters were frequently utilized by black-and-white landscape photographers working with film cameras. These filters were used to impro the brightness of the landscape while also darkening the sky.

Yellow filters were frequently utilized by black-and-white landscape photographers working with film cameras. These filters were used to impro the brightness of the landscape while also darkening the sky.


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Surrealism

Initiated in France during the 1920s and 1930s as a revolutionary literary and art movement, it immediately became extremely popular throughout the world and influenced a broad collection of activities among the creative arts. Like the rest of Surrealism, Surrealist photography tried to blend pictures from many realms of experience, such as dreams, objects, and other art forms, to emphasize and perhaps resolve the inconsistencies between psychological and social realities.

Initiated in France during the 1920s and 1930s as a revolutionary literary and art movement, it immediately became extremely popular throughout the world and influenced a broad collection of activities among the creative arts. Like the rest of Surrealism, Surrealist photography tried to blend pictures from many realms of experience, such as dreams, objects, and other art forms, to emphasize and perhaps resolve the inconsistencies between psychological and social realities.


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Subjective photography

A theory that emerged in the post-war period of the 1950s suggesting that 'human vision' was, in fact, superior to the 'objective' camera vision. Recognizing the significance of inter-human subjectivity as a means to correct the errors of 'objectified' wartime politics became increasingly fundamental to social meaning in its aftermath. There is a relationship between this notion, which Otto Steinert taught, and the Essen school of photography in Germany.

A theory that emerged in the post-war period of the 1950s suggesting that 'human vision' was, in fact, superior to the 'objective' camera vision. Recognizing the significance of inter-human subjectivity as a means to correct the errors of 'objectified' wartime politics became increasingly fundamental to social meaning in its aftermath. There is a relationship between this notion, which Otto Steinert taught, and the Essen school of photography in Germany.


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Postmodernism

Although traditionally and negatively regarded as a reaction to modernism, the alternative movement is better understood as a period when old hierarchies were turned upside-down. All of a sudden, it was popular, interesting, and even radical to combine cultural ideals that might often be directly opposed to one another. Art photography made a startling rediscovery of its other media selves: Color family photographs, commercial images, stills from trashy movies, and popular culture sprang from artists' heads onto the gallery walls.

Although traditionally and negatively regarded as a reaction to modernism, the alternative movement is better understood as a period when old hierarchies were turned upside-down. All of a sudden, it was popular, interesting, and even radical to combine cultural ideals that might often be directly opposed to one another. Art photography made a startling rediscovery of its other media selves: Color family photographs, commercial images, stills from trashy movies, and popular culture sprang from artists' heads onto the gallery walls.


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Pictorialism

A group of artists that wanted to take their photography to the next level by using the techniques and principles of fine art. Pictorialist photography included new aesthetic ideals based on adapting and developing many methods, such as drawing, charcoal, etching, and compositional concepts from painting (especially Impressionism). These new values and procedures often entailed significant "post-production" work on real prints, such as charcoal or sketching on certain portions of a print, then rephotographing it to incorporate this "post-production" work into the final image.

A group of artists that wanted to take their photography to the next level by using the techniques and principles of fine art. Pictorialist photography included new aesthetic ideals based on adapting and developing many methods, such as drawing, charcoal, etching, and compositional concepts from painting (especially Impressionism). These new values and procedures often entailed significant "post-production" work on real prints, such as charcoal or sketching on certain portions of a print, then rephotographing it to incorporate this "post-production" work into the final image.


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Photogram

A picture that is created from real-world things without the use of a camera. This is often done by putting the objects directly onto photographic paper and then exposing both the objects and the paper to light. Once the paper has been chemically processed, an image remains. These days, photography done without a camera is often referred to as "cameraless" photography.

A picture that is created from real-world things without the use of a camera. This is often done by putting the objects directly onto photographic paper and then exposing both the objects and the paper to light. Once the paper has been chemically processed, an image remains. These days, photography done without a camera is often referred to as "cameraless" photography.


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Realism

Belief that the external appearance of the world can be described in detail. It is important to differentiate between realism and the term "reality," which refers to what we know or think exists (at least in accordance with our own personal experiences). People often misunderstand that photography is inherently "realistic," which means they believe that images depict "reality."

Belief that the external appearance of the world can be described in detail. It is important to differentiate between realism and the term "reality," which refers to what we know or think exists (at least in accordance with our own personal experiences). People often misunderstand that photography is inherently "realistic," which means they believe that images depict "reality."


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Photomontage

A method of producing a single print from a single negative by the use of either the addition of paint to an image or the combination of two or more individual negatives. Initially, the method was used during the 19th century to overcome technical flaws or errors in photography in the attempt to obtain a realistic effect. It was also used to achieve a naturalistic result. In the early 20th century, photomontage became associated with avant-garde critical techniques, such as visual assemblages. It was used as a method of "anti-realism." The change of a picture by adding or removing components demonstrates that the image's meaning has been built, managed, and structured, producing a criticism of photographic realism that is already complete.

A method of producing a single print from a single negative by the use of either the addition of paint to an image or the combination of two or more individual negatives. Initially, the method was used during the 19th century to overcome technical flaws or errors in photography in the attempt to obtain a realistic effect. It was also used to achieve a naturalistic result. In the early 20th century, photomontage became associated with avant-garde critical techniques, such as visual assemblages. It was used as a method of "anti-realism." The change of a picture by adding or removing components demonstrates that the image's meaning has been built, managed, and structured, producing a criticism of photographic realism that is already complete.


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Photographic

Related to the art of taking pictures. This word is used to represent any visual representation that looks like a picture but is a painting, a computer-generated image, or an image made using any method that mimics such attributes.

Related to the art of taking pictures. This word is used to represent any visual representation that looks like a picture but is a painting, a computer-generated image, or an image made using any method that mimics such attributes.


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New Objectivity

Enthusiasm in early 20th century Europe over photography's promise to usher in a new age of "camera vision" superior to human eyes. If the picture is a document, it will reveal information the human eye was not meant to see and would not have been able to perceive.

Enthusiasm in early 20th century Europe over photography's promise to usher in a new age of "camera vision" superior to human eyes. If the picture is a document, it will reveal information the human eye was not meant to see and would not have been able to perceive.


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New Documents

A term associated with the critical reassessment of photography in the 1960s,  including not only a reappraisal of the subjects photographed, but also the methods used to capture them.

A term associated with the critical reassessment of photography in the 1960s,  including not only a reappraisal of the subjects photographed, but also the methods used to capture them.


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Negative/positive

A picture taken using a chemical process will produce a negative image when the lightest and darkest tones of the image are reversed. In order to reverse the tones in a negative, it is necessary to make a duplicate or print. Although it was Fox Talbot who came up with the idea for this process, Sir John Herschel coined the terms "positive" and "negative" to describe the process. He was also the one who came up with the term "photography."

A picture taken using a chemical process will produce a negative image when the lightest and darkest tones of the image are reversed. In order to reverse the tones in a negative, it is necessary to make a duplicate or print. Although it was Fox Talbot who came up with the idea for this process, Sir John Herschel coined the terms "positive" and "negative" to describe the process. He was also the one who came up with the term "photography."


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