The distance between the viewfinder of a camera and the photographer's eye that is considered to be the most comfortable viewing distance.

An attachment that can be placed between the body of the digital single-lens reflex camera and the lens to facilitate macro and close-up photography. Because there is an additional extension between the lens and the sensor, the lens is able to focus more closely and provide a more magnified image than would have been possible without the extension. There are a total of seven distinct magnifications available when using extension tubes, which are typically offered in groups of three. Extension tubes can be used singularly or in combination with one another.

A control that allows the user to manually override the exposure meter that is already integrated into a camera in order to provide more or less light to the sensor.

An LCD screen that is positioned at eye level, which can be found on hybrid cameras, bridge cameras, camcorders, and certain compact cameras. The image that is captured by the lens is then digitally rendered and displayed on the screen.

Light measurements are obtained from a number of various places or zones throughout the image in this type of metering system, which is used on many different types of cameras. Following this, the readings are compared to the information that has been pre-programmed into the camera so that it can determine an optimum exposure setting. In order to determine the most likely location of the subject, information obtained from the multipoint autofocus system is also considered. This so-called "intelligent" metering system has the potential to circumvent many of the problems that plague more straightforward methods. On the other hand, since it is hard to make a second estimate, it can be challenging to anticipate the instances in which it will get the exposure wrong. Matrix metering is another name for this technique.

The scale that is used to indicate the required exposure without the need to specifically define either the shutter speed or the aperture. Every possible combination of shutter speed and aperture can be selected independently for each EV setting. When referring to a particular light level, exposure values are frequently mentioned in conjunction with an ISO speed.

A portrait that was taken in the subject's home or place of work and was taken in such a way that it gave the viewer an understanding of the subject's personality. Arnold Newman, an American photographer who lived from 1918 until 2006, is often regarded as the founder of environmental portraiture. 

A projector that is utilized in a more conventional wet darkroom setting. The image to be enlarged is projected onto a sheet of photographic paper that is located on the baseboard by a light that is housed within the enlarger head. The negatives are then placed in the carrier. Immediately following the completion of the exposure, the photograph is processed and then repaired.

An solitary optical lens. The majority of photography lenses are built with a number of lens components that are aligned in a parallel fashion along a single axis during construction. Some are grouped with others of the same kind.

A phrase that is used to define the difference in brightness that exists between the lightest and darkest parts of a photograph. When compared to the range that can be perceived by the human eye, the range that can be recorded by a digital camera is somewhat limited in comparison to that.

DPI - dots per inch To be more precise, a measurement of the density of the individual dots of ink that a printer deposits on a sheet of paper. Image resolution, measured in pixels per inch, can be used to compare the pixel density of an on-screen image to that of a printed image of the same size.

Adobe is the creator of the DNG raw file format, which is utilized by a number of camera manufacturers. One of the benefits of the DNG raw format is that, in contrast to other raw formats, it is not limited to the use of a single camera brand or model, and it is not a format that can only be read; rather, you may also save your data in the DNG format.

An unsuccessful film format that was first released by Kodak in 1982. The film was in the shape of a disc and was enclosed in a plastic cartridge. It included 15 negatives that were 11x8 millimeters in size. Following the completion of each exposure, the disc would then advance to the following frame. Due to the poor image quality, the product was a commercial failure and was taken off the market in 1999.

The mechanism that is included on some digital cameras and allows the user to adjust the viewfinder so that it is more comfortable for them to use. Some cameras come with a certain amount of adjustment already built in, and others allow for greater customization through the use of additional dioptre lenses.

A type of optical measurement that is used to describe the ability of a lens to bend light. The number of times that a lens's focal length can be divided into 1000 millimeters is equal to the dioptre value of that lens. Dioptres are the units of measurement that are utilized when determining the magnification of close-up lenses as well as viewfinder lenses.

Any substance that disperses light as it travels through it, hence reducing the intensity of the illumination and blurring the contours of the shadows. When working with artificial light sources like strobes and flashguns, diffusers are a typical accessory choice. On days when the sun is out, clouds perform the function of a natural diffuser.

Light that has been refracted along the margins of an opaque object, which results in the phenomenon known as scattering. When using apertures with the smallest openings, the image will appear slightly blurry as a result of diffraction. 

The process of manipulating the depth of field so that one component of the image is in sharp focus while the remaining components are as blurry as possible.

Another name for the hole in the lens. These are the blades that can be adjusted to control the amount of light that travels through the lens and reaches the sensor.

A combination of chemicals that, when applied to photographic film or prints, can convert or enhance an invisible picture, so rendering it visible. Fixer is what makes it permanent in the end.