An international photography award given by the Hasselblad Foundation in Gothenburg, Sweden, since 1980. It is one of the most respected prizes in photography.

An American award for journalism, literature and music, given by Columbia University in New York. A prize for photography was first awarded in 1942.

A term for American photographers of the 1970s who used color film for artistic work, at a time when serious art photography was mostly black and white.

A style of photography that focused on everyday people, their dignity and their daily lives, often with warmth and humor. It is especially linked to France from the 1930s to the 1950s.

A Japanese photography magazine published in three issues in 1968 and 1969. It was founded by Takuma Nakahira, Yutaka Takanashi, Kōji Taki and Takahiko Okada, and Daidō Moriyama joined from the second issue.

A group of photographers who studied with Bernd and Hilla Becher at the Kunstakademie (art academy) in Düsseldorf, where Bernd Becher taught photography from 1976. It is also called the Becher School.

The name of an exhibition held in 1975 at the George Eastman House in Rochester, New York, curated by William Jenkins. Its full title was New Topographics: Photographs of a Man-Altered Landscape.

A movement in photography of the 1920s and 1930s, called Neues Sehen in German. It treated the camera as a new way of seeing, different from the human eye.

A German school of art, design and architecture that existed from 1919 to 1933, in Weimar, Dessau and finally Berlin. It was founded by Walter Gropius and closed under pressure from the Nazis.

A United States government agency of the 1930s whose photography project documented rural poverty during the Great Depression. The project ran from 1935 (first under the Resettlement Administration) to 1944, led by Roy Stryker. It is often shortened to FSA.

A group of American photographers founded in 1902 in New York by Alfred Stieglitz. Its goal was to have photography accepted as a fine art.

An approach that uses the camera's own strengths, such as sharp focus, detail and tonal range, without manipulating the image to look like a painting. It developed in the 1910s as a reaction to Pictorialism.

An American company and brand known for instant cameras and film. Founder Edwin Land introduced the first instant camera, the Model 95, in 1948.

A fast black and white film made by Kodak, introduced in 1940 as sheet film and in 35 mm and roll film in the 1950s. Its standard speed is ISO 400.

A family of color reversal films made by Kodak, first introduced in the 1940s. Unlike Kodachrome, it used the simpler E-6 process (earlier E-3 and E-4) that many labs and even photographers at home could do.

A color reversal film made by Kodak from 1935 to 2009. It was invented by Leopold Godowsky Jr. and Leopold Mannes, two musicians who worked on color photography.

A collodion positive made on a thin sheet of iron coated with black lacquer. Despite the name, no tin is used. It is also called a ferrotype. The process was patented in the United States in 1856.

A collodion positive on glass, popular from the mid-1850s to the 1860s. The image is a thin negative, which looks positive when the glass is backed with a dark material such as black varnish or cloth.

A photographic process introduced by Frederick Scott Archer in 1851. A glass plate is coated with collodion, made light-sensitive in silver nitrate, exposed and developed while still wet, all within a few minutes. See also collodion process.

The process invented by Nicéphore Niépce in the 1820s, the first way to fix an image made by light. Niépce coated a plate with bitumen of Judea, which hardens where light falls on it.